Respiratory Guidelines

Sections

Respiratory Failure

  1. Hypoxic Respiratory Failure
  2. Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
  3. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Respiratory Support

  1. Oxygen
  2. High Flow Nasal Therapy
  3. Noninvasive Ventilation
  4. Invasive Ventilation
  5. Neuromuscular Blockade
  6. Extracorporeal CO2 Removal
  7. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Bronchial Conditions

  1. Asthma
  2. COPD

Parenchymal Conditions

  1. Community-Acquired Pneumonia
  2. Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
  3. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
  4. Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury

Vascular Conditions

  1. Pulmonary Embolism
  2. Pulmonary Hypertension

Pleural Conditions

  1. Haemothorax

Paediatrics

  1. Oxygen
  2. Surfactant

Monitoring

  1. General
  2. Ultrasound

Respiratory Failure

Hypoxic Respiratory Failure

  1. Noninvasive respiratory support in the hypoxaemic peri-operative/periprocedural patient: a joint ESA/ESICM guideline. Intensive Care Med 2020;epublished March 10th

Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure

  1. Davidson. BTS/ICS guideline for the ventilatory management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in adults. Thorax 2016;71:ii1-ii35

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

  1. Tasaka. (Japanese) ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline 202. J Intensive Care 2022;10:32
  2. Griffiths. (UK) Guidelines on the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome.BMJ Open Respiratory Research 2019;6:e000420
  3. Papazian. (French) Formal guidelines: management of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Intensive Care 2019;9:69
  4. Cho. (Korean) Clinical Practice Guideline of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Tuberc Respir Dis 2016;79(4):214-233
  5. Claesson. Scandinavian clinical practice guideline on fluid and drug therapy in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2016;epublished March 16th

see also Invasive Ventilation section

Respiratory Support

Oxygen

  1. Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand Position Statement on Acute Oxygen Use in Adults: 'Swimming between the flags'. Respirology 2022;27(4):262-276
  2. German S3 Guideline: Oxygen Therapy in the Acute Care of Adult Patients. Respiration 2021;epublished December 21st
  3. O'Driscoll. BTS guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings. Thorax 2017; 72:ii1-ii90

High Flow Nasal Therapy

  1. Appropriate Use of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen in Hospitalized Patients for Initial or Postextubation Management of Acute Respiratory Failure: A Clinical Guideline From the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2021;epublished April 27th
  2. ERS Clinical Practice Guidelines: high-flow nasal cannula in acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J 2021

Noninvasive Ventilation

  1. Noninvasive respiratory support in the hypoxaemic peri-operative/periprocedural patient: a joint ESA/ESICM guideline. Intensive Care Med 2020;epublished March 10th
  2. Official ERS/ATS clinical practice guidelines: noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J 2017;50:1602426

Invasive Ventilation

  1. Fichtner. Mechanical Ventilation and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Acute Respiratory Insufficiency. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2018;115(50):840-7
  2. An Official ATS/ESICM/SCCM Clinical Practice Guideline: Mechanical Ventilation in Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017;195(9):1253–1263
  3. An ATS/AACP clinical practice guideline: liberation from mechanical ventilation in critically ill adults. rehabilitation protocols, ventilator liberation protocols, and cuff leak tests. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017;195(1):120-133
  4. Claesson. Scandinavian clinical practice guideline on mechanical ventilation in adults with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand2015;59:286–97

see also ARDS section

Neuromuscular Blockade

  1. Alhazzani. Neuromuscular blockade in patients with ARDS: a rapid practice guideline. Intensive Care Med 2020;epublished October 26th

Extracorporeal CO2 Removal

  1. Combes. ECCO2R therapy in the ICU: consensus of a European round table meeting. Critical Care 2020;24:490

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

  1. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19: Updated 2021 Guidelines from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. ASAIO J 2021;67(5):485-495
Monitoring
  1. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Ultrasound Guidance for Extra-corporeal Membrane Oxygenation General Guidelines, 2019
Transport
  1. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Guideline for Transport and Retrieval of Adult and Pediatric Patients with ECMO Support, 2022
Nursing
  1. Recommendations From the Professional Advisory Committee on Nursing Practice in the Care of ECMO–Supported Patients. Crit Care Nurse 2021;41(3):e1–e8

Bronchial Conditions

Asthma

  1. Management of severe asthma exacerbation: guidelines from the Société Française de Médecine d’Urgence, the Société de Réanimation de Langue Française and the French Group for Pediatric Intensive Care and Emergencies. Annals of Intensive Care 2019 9:115
  2. BTS/SIGN Guideline for the management of asthma 2019.
  3. ERS/EAACI statement on severe exacerbations in asthma in adults: facts, priorities and key research questions. Eur Respir J 2019;54:1900900

COPD

  1. Halpin. Global Initiative for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. The 2020 GOLD Science Committee Report on COVID-19 and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021;203(1):24–36
  2. Management of COPD exacerbations: a European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guideline. Eur Respir J 2017;49:1600791
  3. Gupta et al for the COPD Guidelines Working Group. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Joint ICS/NCCP (I) recommendations. Lung India 2013;30:228-67  

Parenchymal Conditions

Community-Acquired Pneumonia

  1. Ramirez. Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Adults. A Consensus Statement Regarding Initial Strategies. Chest 2020;158(5):1896-1911A Consensus Statement Regarding Initial Strategies. Chest 2020;158(5):1896-1911

Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia

  1. Infection Study Group of Chinese Thoracic Society, Chinese Medical Association. Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults (2018 Edition). J Thorac Dis 2019;11(6):2581-2616
  2. International ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2017;50(3):1700582
  3. Kalil. Management of Adults With Hospital-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis 2016;epublished July 14th

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

  1. Infection Study Group of Chinese Thoracic Society, Chinese Medical Association. Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults (2018 Edition). J Thorac Dis 2019;11(6):2581-2616
  2. International ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2017;50(3):1700582
  3. Kalil. Management of Adults With Hospital-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis 2016;epublished July 14th
  4. Hellyer. The Intensive Care Society recommended bundle of interventions for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. JICS 2016;epublished April 20th

Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury

  1. Vlaar. A consensus redefinition of transfusion‐related acute lung injury. Transfusion 2019;epublished April 16th

Vascular

Pulmonary Embolism

  1. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease. Second Update of the CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest 2021;160(6):E545-E608
  2. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). European Heart Journal 2019;epublished August 31st
  3. Interventional Therapies for Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Current Status and Principles for the Development of Novel Evidence: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019;140:e774–e801
  4. Rivera-Lebron. Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow Up of Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Consensus Practicefrom the PERT Consortium. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 2019;25:1-16

Pulmonary Hypertension

  1. Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Adults. Update of the CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest 2019;155(3):565–586

Pleura

Haemothorax

  1. de Moya. Evaluation and management of traumatic pneumothorax: A Western Trauma Association critical decisions algorithm. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2022;92(1):103-107

Paediatrics

Oxygen

  1. AARC Clinical Practice Guideline: Management of Pediatric Patients With Oxygen in the Acute Care Setting. Respir Care 2021;66:1214-1223

Surfactant

  1. De Luca. Surfactant therapies for pediatric and neonatal ARDS: ESPNIC expert consensus opinion for future research steps. Crit Care 2021;25:75

Monitoring

General

  1. ERS statement on chest imaging in acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J 2019;54:1900435

Ultrasound

  1. Laursen. European Respiratory Society statement on thoracic ultrasound. Eur Respir J 2021;57:2001519
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